Measles Definition

Measles is a very infectious respiratory infection. It causes a total-body skin rash and flu-like symptoms. Measles is rare in the United States thanks to widespread immunization. But millions of cases happen worldwide every year.

Measles (also called rubeola) is caused by a virus, so there’s no specific medical treatment for it. The virus has to run its course. A child who is sick should drink plenty of liquids, get lots of rest, and stay home from school or daycare to prevent the spreading of the infection.

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Signs & Symptoms of Measles: Measles Home treatment for babies

The first symptoms of a measles infection are usually a hacking cough, runny nose, high fever, and red eyes. Kids also may have Koplik’s spots (small red spots with blue-white centres) inside the mouth before the rash starts.

The rash breaks out 3–5 days after symptoms start, sometimes along with a high fever up to 104°F (40°C). The red or reddish-brown rash usually begins as flat red spots on the forehead. It spreads to the rest of the face, then down the neck and torso to the arms, legs, and feet. The fever and rash slowly go away after a few days.

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Measles mode of contamination

Measles is very infectious. 9 out of 10 people who aren’t vaccinated for measles will get it if they are near an infected person.

People of Risk for  Measles: Measles Home treatment for babies

Measles spreads when people breathe in or have direct contact with the virus-infected fluid. It can pass through droplets sprayed into the air when someone with measles sneezes or coughs. Someone exposed to the virus usually shows symptoms 7–14 days later.

People with measles can spread the disease from 4 days before the rash starts until about 4 days after that. They’re most contagious when they have a fever, runny nose, and cough. Those with weak immune systems due to other conditions (like HIV and AIDS) can spread the measles virus until they recover.

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Measles Home Treatments: Measles Home treatment for babies

When measles symptoms begin seven to 14 days after you’ve been infected, they’re usually mild to moderate with a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever, and last two to three days.1 When the rash begins approximately three to five days later, your fever typically spikes and your other symptoms may get worse. You will probably start to feel better a few days later and the rash will begin to fade.

Though some people with measles may need to be hospitalized, it’s possible to recover at home as long as you don’t develop any complications.

At-home treatment will be mainly supportive and can include, when necessary:

  • give your child plenty of fluids
  • encourage extra rest
  • give a non-aspirin fever medicine, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen if a fever makes your child uncomfortable. Never give aspirin to a child who has a viral illness, as such use is linked to Reye syndrome.

Kids with measles should be closely watched by a doctor. In some cases, measles can lead to other problems, such as:

  • ear infections
  • croup
  • diarrhoea
  • pneumonia
  • encephalitis (irritation and swelling of the brain)

Children with measles should be kept away from others for 4 days after their rash appears. For those with a weak immune system, this should continue until they make a full recovery and all symptoms are gone.

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Measles: Common Symptoms

Measles Duration: Measles Home treatment for babies

A measles infection can last for several weeks. Symptoms usually start 7–14 days after someone is exposed to the virus.

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Measles  Prevention: Measles Home treatment for babies

The best way to protect your kids is to make sure they’re immunized against measles.

For most kids, measles protection is part of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV) given when they’re 12 to 15 months old and again when they’re 4 to 6 years old.

The vaccine can be given to babies as young as 6 months old if they will be travelling internationally. Talk to your doctor to see when the vaccine is needed.

 Vaccination Importance: Measles Home treatment for babies

Widespread immunization has made measles rare in the U.S. But outbreaks do still happen. An outbreak is when a disease happens in greater numbers than expected in a particular area. Measles outbreaks have been increasing worldwide, mostly due to people not being vaccinated.

It’s important for all kids who can get the vaccine to get it on time. At-risk people (such as those with weak immune systems) can’t get the vaccine. But when a lot of other people are immunized against a disease, it protects them, prevents the disease from spreading, and helps prevent outbreaks.

At highest risk during a measles outbreak are:

  • infants who aren’t old enough to get the vaccine
  • pregnant women
  • people with poor nutrition or weak immune systems

Doctors can give an injection of measles antibodies (called immune globulin) to at-risk people who are exposed to measles. It’s most effective when given within 6 days of contact. These antibodies can either prevent measles or make symptoms less severe.

The measles vaccine also can help protect unvaccinated people from getting sick after exposure to measles if they get it within 3 days.

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When Should I Call the Doctor?: Measles Home treatment for babies

Call the doctor right away if you think that your child has measles. Also call if your child was around someone who has measles, especially if your child:

  • is an infant
  • is taking medicines that suppress the immune system
  • has tuberculosis, cancer, or a disease that affects the immune system
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