Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by thehepatitis A virus (HAV). It is typically transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water or close contact with an infected person. While hepatitis A can cause uncomfortable symptoms, it usually does not lead to chronic liver disease and is generally self-limiting.
Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), a highly contagious virus that primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route. This means the virus is transmitted when a person ingests food, water, or objects contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Meanwhile, the transmission mode may include :
. Fecal-oral route : The virus is shed in the stool of an infected person and can contaminate food, water, or surfaces.
. Close contact : This includes living with or having sexual contact with an infected person.
. Contaminated food or water : Common in areas with poor sanitation.
Hepatitis A symptoms typically appear 2–6 weeks after exposure to the virus (incubation period). The severity of symptoms varies, with some people being asymptomatic, especially young children, while others experience more pronounced symptoms.
Fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain (especially in the upper right side)
Anyone who has not been vaccinated or previously infected can get infected with the hepatitis A virus. In areas where the virus is widespread, most times hepatitis A infections occur during early childhood. Risk factors include:
. Screening and monitoring: For those at risk or with predisposing condition.
Prognosis
Acute nature: Hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease.
Full recovery: Most individuals recover completely without long-term effects.
Rare complications: Severe liver failure (fulminant hepatitis) is rare but can occur, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing liver conditions.
Pathophysiology
After ingestion, HAV enters the gastrointestinal tract, replicates in the liver, and is excreted in bile and stool.
Liver damage is primarily due to the immune response, not the virus itself.
Epidemiology
Endemic regions: High prevalence in parts of Africa, Asia, Central, and South America.
Children in these areas are often infected at a young age, usually asymptomatically.
In countries with improved sanitation, outbreaks may occur among non-immune populations due to reduced natural exposure.
Lipomas are benign (non-cancerous) tumours made up of fat tissue. Lipomas are usually soft to the touch, mobile, and painless. They can sometimes cause discomfort if they press on nearby nerves or tissues. They normally grow slowly under the skin, appearing on the neck, shoulders, back, abdomen, arms, and thighs.
Lipomas are categorized based on their location and the type of tissue within them. some common types of lipomas:
Conventional Lipoma
it is the most common type, consisting of white fat cells located just under the skin. They’re soft, movable, and typically painless.
Fibrolipoma
A fibrolipoma contains both fat cells and fibrous tissue, making it slightly firmer than a conventional lipoma.
Angiolipoma
This contains blood vessels as well as fat tissue. Angiolipomas can sometimes be painful or tender, especially when pressed. They are often located on the arms or trunk.
Spindle Cell Lipoma
Mostly found in the back, shoulders, or neck, spindle cell lipomas contain spindle-shaped cells within the fat tissue. This type is more commonly found in men between the age of 45-65.
Most lipomas don’t cause significant discomfort or symptoms, but they may present with the following characteristics:
. Soft, Painless Lump: Lipomas feel soft and doughy, and they’re usually painless to the touch.
. Easily Movable: They’re typically located just beneath the skin and can be moved slightly when pressed.
. Slow Growth: Lipomas grow slowly over time, usually remaining small (2–3 cm), though some can grow larger.
. Common Locations: Lipomas are commonly found on the neck, shoulders, back, abdomen, arms, and thighs.
. Size Variability: While most lipomas are small, they can grow larger (up to 10 cm or more), especially if left untreated.
. Pain or Discomfort (in some cases): Certain types, like angiolipomas or intramuscular lipomas, can cause discomfort if they press on nerves, blood vessels, or muscles.
Here are factors that contribute to the development of lipomas
. Genetic Predisposition: Family history is one of the strongest risk factors. In some cases, multiple lipomas may develop in families with genetic conditions like familial multiple lipomatosis.
. Age: Lipomas are most common in middle-aged adults, though they can occur at any age.
. Genetic Conditions: Certain genetic syndromes can increase the likelihood of developing multiple lipomas, including:
Familial Multiple Lipomatosis: An inherited condition where multiple lipomas appear across the body.
Gardner Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder linked to colon polyps and multiple lipomas.
Madelung’s Disease: A rare disorder leading to multiple lipomas around the neck and shoulders, primarily in men who consume large amounts of alcohol.
. Injury: Some evidence suggests that trauma or injury to an area of the body may lead to the formation of a lipoma, though this is not well understood.
. Lifestyle and Environment: factors like poor diet, lack of exercise, and exposure to toxins may contribute to fatty tissue buildup, potentially influencing lipoma growth.
Diagnosing a lipoma typically begins with a physical exam. During that period a healthcare provider assesses the lump’s size, shape, texture, and mobility. Although lipomas are often identifiable by feel and appearance alone, further tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions, especially if the lump is unusual in some way. Here’s an overview of the diagnostic process and tests for lipomas:
. Physical Examination
During this examination, the healthcare provider will examine the lump’s characteristics, including its softness, mobility, and location
. Imaging Tests
Imaging may be recommended to confirm that the lump is indeed a lipoma and not another type of growth.
Ultrasound: An ultrasound is often the first imaging test used, as it’s non-invasive and effective for distinguishing between solid and cystic masses.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI provides a detailed view of soft tissues and may be recommended if the lipoma is large, deep, or suspected to be an intramuscular lipoma. MRI can help define the tumor’s structure and rule out malignant growths like liposarcoma.
CT Scan (Computed Tomography): CT scans may be used to examine deeper lipomas or when MRI isn’t available. They can show the density of the tissue and help determine if the growth is fat-based.
If there’s any doubt about the nature of the lump or if it shows atypical signs (such as rapid growth or pain), a biopsy may be performed.
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy: A thin needle is inserted into the lump to extract a small sample of cells for analysis.
. Histopathological Analysis
If a biopsy is performed, the tissue sample is analyzed under a microscope to confirm whether it’s a benign lipoma or another type of growth.
This test can rule out rare but serious conditions, such as liposarcoma, a type of cancerous tumour that can mimic a lipoma but typically grows more aggressively.
. Genetic Testing (Rarely)
Mostly done for people with a family history of genetic conditions like familial multiple lipomatosis, genetic testing might be recommended to check for inherited mutations.
Dark Chocolate Benefit For Pregnancy. Eating chocolate when you’re pregnant is perfectly safe. But, you should enjoy it in moderation.Best OfferYour lady Feranmi is here to solve your problemBest OfferEmail
Dark Chocolate Benefit For Pregnancy. During pregnancy, when you’re eating for two, you sometimes have strange and sudden cravings. One of which is pretty much guaranteed: chocolate! We have to say it: when you’re out of chocolate in the evening, sending your partner out to get some is justifiable!
Benefits of dark chocolate early in pregnancy
Chocolate especially dark chocolate contains flavonoids. This is a naturally occurring compound that is part of the polyphenol family, which is rich in antioxidants. Many foods contain flavonoids, including vegetables, berries, red wine, and green tea. Then some research suggests they may lower your risk for heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and other common diseases. Flavonoids also may improve vasodilation, or the widening of the blood vessels, thus improving blood pressure.
This latest study of chocolate and pregnant women tried to determine whether flavonoids might affect women’s blood pressure or fetal growth. They split women into two groups and had them eat a small amount of chocolate daily. One group ate chocolate with a high flavonoid content and the other ate chocolate with a low flavonoid content.
While they didn’t find any benefits on blood pressure. Also on the size of the placenta or the baby’s birth weight, both groups did show some improvement in blood flow to the uterine arteries. That blood flow helps the placenta develop and function normally, leading to good pregnancy outcomes.
This study did not examine whether chocolate itself was good for pregnant women and their babies. It looked specifically to see whether there were any differences in the outcomes of the two groups of women. Those who ate high levels of flavonoids compared to those who ate fewer flavonoids. There was no control group of women who didn’t eat chocolate.
It’s also important to note that these women were eating this chocolate during the late first trimester to the end of the second trimester. The study did not require the women to eat chocolate in the third trimester.
Is eating dark chocolate good or bad during pregnancy?
Eating chocolate when you’re pregnant is perfectly safe. But, of course, you should enjoy it in moderation, paying close attention to caffeine, sugar, and calorie levels. You should choose high-quality chocolate that is, ideally, low in sugar. Caffeine is a stimulant that can harm the fetus, so pregnant women should not consume more than 20g per day in total. 100g of dark chocolate contains about 8g of caffeine, so enjoy it in moderation and don’t drink too much coffee.
Eating dark chocolate while pregnant: Dark Chocolate Benefit For Pregnancy
The benefits that chocolate provides depend on the percentage of cocoa that it contains. So the darker the chocolate, the more it will benefit both the mother and child.
You don’t have to completely avoid milk chocolate when pregnant, but it’s less suitable as it’s higher in sugar.
Researchers at Yale University have shown that eating chocolate reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia by almost 70% due to the theobromine contained in cocoa, which has diuretic, cardiotonic and vasodilatory effects.
For this reason, we recommend eating around 30g of dark chocolate from the first trimester onwards to improve circulation and reduce blood pressure. In addition, chocolate improves mood and reduces stress by increasing levels of endorphins and serotonin in the brain.
It should also be remembered that dark chocolate is high in iron and magnesium. Iron is essential for maintaining hemoglobin levels during pregnancy and magnesium helps metabolize fatty acids.
Eating chocolate while pregnant makes the child (and mother) Happier
A study published in New Scientist Magazine revealed that women who had eaten chocolate gave birth to happier and more lively babies. The researchers randomly selected some mothers with six-month-old children. And asked them how often they had eaten chocolate during their pregnancy. They were then asked to rate how happy their children were. Mothers who ate chocolate more frequently during pregnancy gave their children a higher happiness rating than mothers who did not eat it regularly.
Another interesting outcome of the study revealed that eating chocolate protected children from maternal stress. The mothers who never ate chocolate showed high levels of stress during pregnancy.
For mothers with a sweet tooth, we recommend chocolate with Piedmont Hazelnuts. They, as well as being delicious and crunchy, are perfect for reducing LDL cholesterol and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
We only recommend avoiding chocolate if you struggle to control your blood sugar or have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes.
Pregnancy brings enough stress and things to worry about. Fortunately, craving chocolate at midnight isn’t one of them!
I was taken a little aback when I read these headlines in February 2016: “Pregnant women rejoice! Chocolate during pregnancy has awesome health benefits,” and “Daily chocolate during pregnancy helps mom and baby.”
They were referring to a study presented at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine’s annual meeting that looked at the effects of daily chocolate intake during pregnancy. While these headlines appeared to be cause for celebration, it’s important to pause and look a little more closely at the study’s details – which didn’t receive as much attention in the press. Specifically, I was concerned about when during pregnancy these women were given chocolate.
At about the same time, this study was being presented, my pediatric cardiology colleagues and I were treating a patient in her third trimester whose baby we suspected had prenatal constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus, in which a blood vessel that connects the right side of the heart to the aorta in a fetus begins to close prematurely.
In looking at a possible cause, we made sure the patient wasn’t taking any medications that could trigger this. Then a cardiologist asked about her diet, and specific foods high in flavonoids – grape juice, red wine, and chocolate! She shared a study with us that looked at the association of these substances and changes in blood flow in the ductus arteriosus.
So here we were worried about a possible negative side effect of chocolate consumption late in pregnancy while a highly publicized study was touting possible benefits early in pregnancy!
Women often want to know what not to eat while pregnant. We warn them to avoid foods such as soft cheeses, uncooked seafood, and alcohol, but we don’t want to deprive them of everything they love! So, is dark chocolate safe for you and your baby during pregnancy? Let’s take a look.
Hypercalcemia Best Natural Solution. Staying hydrated may lower blood calcium levels, and it can help prevent kidney stones.Best OfferYour lady Feranmi is here to solve your problemBest OfferEmail
Hypercalcemia Best Natural Solution. Hypercalcemia means having too much calcium in the blood. The main sources have to do with an overactive parathyroid gland, too much vitamin D, some medications, and certain underlying health conditions, such as cancer.
Calcium contributes an essential role in the body. It helps build strong bones and teeth while also supporting the muscles, nerves, and heart. However, too much calcium can lead to problems.
Throughout this article, we have tried to discuss the symptoms, causes, and complications of hypercalcemia. We also describe how doctors diagnose and treat hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia Meaning: Hypercalcemia Best Natural Solution
The parathyroid glands control calcium levels in the blood.
The parathyroid glands are responsible for controlling calcium levels in the blood. These four tiny glands sit behindTrusted the origin of the thyroid gland.
When the body needs calcium, the parathyroid glands secrete a hormone. This hormone signals:
Firstly the bones release calcium into the blood
Secondly the kidneys excrete less calcium into the urine
Thirdly the kidneys to6 activate vitamin D, which helps the digestive tract absorb more calcium
Overactive parathyroid glands or an underlying health condition can disrupt the balance of calcium.
If calcium levels become too high, a person may receive a diagnosis of hypercalcemia. This condition can impede bodily functions and may specifically trust Source lead to:
poor bone health
pancreatitis
kidney stones
abnormal heart and brain function
Extremely high levels of calcium in the blood can become life-threatening.
Symptoms: Hypercalcemia Best Natural Solution
Even though Mild hypercalcemia is asymptomatic, More serious hypercalcemia on its side can cause :
Excessive thirst and frequent urination: An excess of calcium forces the kidneys to work harder. As a result, a person may urinate more often, leading to dehydration and increased thirst.
Stomach pain and digestive problems: Too much calcium can cause an upset stomach, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.
Bone pain and muscle weakness: Hypercalcemia can cause the bones to release too much calcium, leaving them deficient. This abnormal bone activity can lead to pain and muscle weakness.
Confusion, lethargy, and fatigue: Too much calcium in the blood can affect the brain, causing these symptoms.
Anxiety and depression: Hypercalcemia may also affect mental health.
High blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms: High levels of calcium can increase blood pressure and lead to electrical abnormalities that change the heart’s rhythm, adding strain.
Numerous underlying conditions and other factors can provoke hypercalcemia. These include:
Overactive parathyroid glands
The parathyroid glands control calcium levels. If they work too hard, this can lead to hypercalcemia.
The parathyroid glands may become overactive when one becomes enlarged or develops a noncancerous growth.
Hyperparathyroidism is the term for having overactive parathyroid glands. It may be the most common trusted Source cause of hypercalcemia.
Doctors usually diagnose hyperparathyroidism in people aged 50–60 years trusted Source. It is also three or four times more common in females than in males.
Vitamin D activates calcium absorption in the gut, allowing this nutrient to enter the bloodstream.
The body usually only digests 10–20% of the calcium in the diet, passing the rest out in stools. However, excessive amounts of vitamin D cause the body to absorb more calcium, leading to hypercalcemia.
According to some research therapeutic, high-dosage vitamin D supplementation has the potential to cause hypercalcemia. Doctors may recommend these supplements to help treat multiple sclerosis and other conditions.
The Office of Dietary Supplements defines a high dosage of vitamin D as 4,000 international units (IU)or more per day. The recommended daily dose for adults is 600–800 IU per day.
Some types of cancer may cause hypercalcemia. Cancers that commonly lead to this condition include:
lung cancer
breast cancer
blood cancers
In 2021, researchers estimated that hypercalcemia affects about 2% of all cancer patients in the United States each year. This percentage is lower among children.
If cancer spreads to the bone, the risk of hypercalcemia increases.
Those who go for an extended period without being able to move around may also have an increased risk of hypercalcemia. When the bones have less work to do, they can weaken and release more calcium into the bloodstream.
Severely dehydrated people have less water in their blood, which can increase the concentration of calcium. However, this imbalance is usually treatable once a person rehydrates sufficiently.
In some cases, high levels of calcium can lead to severe dehydration. Doctors need to identify which came first: the high levels of calcium or the dehydration.
Some medications can overstimulate the parathyroid gland, and this can lead to hypercalcemia. One example is lithium, which people sometimes take to treat bipolar disorder.
Complications: Hypercalcemia Best Natural Solution
Without proper treatment, hypercalcemia can contribute to several health conditions.
Osteoporosis
Over time, the bones may release excessive amounts of calcium into the bloodstream, which makes them thinner, or less dense. The continued release of calcium can lead to osteoporosis.
People with osteoporosis have an increased trusted Source risk of:
Kidney stones: Hypercalcemia Best Natural Solution
People with hypercalcemia are at risk of developing calcium crystals in their kidneys. These crystals can become kidney stones, which are often very painful. They can also lead to kidney damage.
Kidney failure: Hypercalcemia Best Natural Solution
Over time, severe hypercalcemia can stop a person’s kidneys from working correctly. The kidneys may become less effective in cleaning the blood, producing urine, and efficiently removing fluid from the body. This is called kidney failure.
The heart beats when electrical impulses move through it and cause it to contract. Calcium plays a role in regulating this process, and too much calcium can lead to trusted Source an irregular heartbeat.
Anyone experiencing symptoms of hypercalcemia should speak with a doctor, who will order a blood test and make a diagnosis based on the results.
A person with mild hypercalcemia may have no symptoms, and doctors might only diagnose the condition after carrying out a routine blood test.
The test will check the blood levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone. The results can show how well some of the body’s systems — such as those involving the blood and kidneys are functioning.
After diagnosing hypercalcemia, a doctor may perform further tests, such as:
an electrocardiogram (EKG) to record the electrical activity of the heart
then a chest X-ray to check for lung cancer or infections
Also a mammogram to check for breast cancer
Further a CT or MRI scan to examine the body’s structure and organs
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, commonly known as a DEXA scan, to measure bone density.
People with mild hypercalcemia may not require treatment, and calcium levels may return to normal over time. The doctor will monitor these levels and the health of the kidneys.
If calcium levels continue to rise or do not improve on their own, doctors may recommend further testing.
For people with more severe hypercalcemia, it is important to discover the root. The doctor may also offer treatments to help lower calcium levels and prevent complications. Possible treatments include intravenous fluids and medications such as calcitonin or bisphosphonates.
If hypercalcemia is due to overactive parathyroid glands, too much vitamin D, or another health condition, the doctor will also treat the condition responsible.
A person with a noncancerous growth on a parathyroid gland may require surgery to remove it.
Certain lifestyle adjustments can help keep calcium levels balanced and bones healthy. These include:
Drinking plenty of water: Staying hydrated may lower blood calcium levels, and it can help prevent kidney stones.
Quitting smoking, if applicable: Smoking can increase bone loss. In addition to improving the health of the bones, quitting will reduce the risk of cancer and other health problems.
Exercising, including strength training: Resistance training promotes bone strength and health.
Following guidelines for medications and supplements: Following medical advice may decrease the risk of consuming too much vitamin D and developing hypercalcemia.
The outlook for people with hypercalcemia depends on its cause and severity.
Mild hypercalcemia may not require treatment. However, if the condition is more serious, a doctor may prescribe medications that lower the levels of calcium and treat the underlying cause.
Anyone experiencing symptoms of hypercalcemia should speak with a doctor.
Conclusion
Hypercalcemia refers to elevated levels of calcium in the blood. Doctors may discover these increased levels when testing for other conditions.
The possible causes of hypercalcemia include an overactive parathyroid gland, certain medications, too much vitamin D, and underlying health conditions, such as cancer.
The treatment options for hypercalcemia will depend on its severity and cause.
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kaolin clay health benefits. Kaolin clay is commonly used in skin care products due to its ability to absorb oil and smooth skin.Best OfferYour lady Feranmi is here to solve your problemBest OfferEmail
kaolin clay health benefits. Also known as white clay or china clay, Kaolin is a soft clay that’s been used in China for centuries to create porcelain products. It’s also used largely in skin care products, toothpaste, and hair products.
Clay face masks that contain kaolin are thought to have several benefits, such as preventing acne, managing dry skin, and absorbing excess oil or sebum. Kaolin is also thought to be the mildest and most gentle clay used in skin care.
Although most of the evidence that backs clay masks is anecdotal, some studies suggest that these masks may have skin benefits. Enjoy your reading and happy discovering.
Benefits of kaolin clay for skin: kaolin clay health benefits
Kaolin clay is often used in skin care products due to its ability to absorb oil and smooth skin.
Because kaolin clay is gentler on the skin than other types of clay, you can also use it as an exfoliant.
It may offer mild anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and healing benefits, according to Blair Murphy-Rose, MD, FAAD, a New York-based board-certified dermatologist.
Due to its anti-inflammatory benefits, kaolin clay may be beneficial in treating rashes and irritation, but more research is needed to prove its effectiveness.
Whether it’s a tried-and-true skin care regimen, how often you wash your hair, or the cosmetics you’re curious about, beauty is personal.
Kaolin clay is quite gentle and safe to use on sensitive skin. Still, it shouldn’t be used if you have dry skin.
“Kaolin clay can be excessively drying, and therefore irritating, for already dry skin,” Murphy-Rose says.
For sensitive skin types, it’s always best to do a patch test on your neck or on the inside of your wrist to see how your skin reacts before applying it to your face.
While a kaolin clay face mask isn’t ideal for dry skin, it may help those with oily skin and those who are acne-prone.
“Kaolin absorbs sebum and prevents pore clogging. It’s used to draw out impurities and toxins from the pores. [It then] clears the skin of excess oil, dirt, and pollution without causing any redness or irritation,” says Alessandra Caceres, a licensed aesthetician and founder of Lavender Facial Bar.
Because of its antibacterial properties, kaolin clay may be useful in treating acne, too.
The minerals in kaolin clay can remove oils, secretions, and contaminants from the skin. They serve as cleansing and refreshing agents by absorbing moisture and impurities and by reducing blemishes.
A recent study offered preliminary evidence that a healing clay jojoba oil facial mask can be an effective treatment for mild acne.
Pro-aging support
There aren’t many studies available regarding the benefits of using a kaolin clay mask for anti-aging (or, as we like to say, pro-aging).
However, another recent study tested the effectiveness of topical clay application on collagen fibers in rat skin. The study showed that clay may increase collagen fibers, which may account for its benefits.
Other benefits
Apart from porcelain and skin care, kaolin clay has several other purposes.
Through consumption:k kaolin clay health benefits
Ingesting kaolin clay is thought to help with the treatment of diarrhea, but there is no conclusive evidence.
A 2003 study by a trusted Source found that the mineral content of kaolin clay is similar to bismuth subsalicylate, a medication that treats diarrhea. Still, kaolin clay is not a recommended treatment for diarrhea.
Kaolin clay has been used in some hair care products to help detoxify the scalp.
“It may improve scalp health by absorbing excess oils to prevent yeast overgrowth, inflammation, and dandruff,” Murphy-Rose explains. “A healthy scalp nurtures hair growth.”
As a teeth cleanser: kaolin clay health benefits
Kaolin clay has been used in some natural toothpaste or as a toothpowder, but its effectiveness at cleaning teeth is unclear.
More studies are needed to prove that kaolin clay is an effective alternative to traditional toothpaste.
There are no known dangers or side effects of applying kaolin clay to the face. However, if you have very dry skin, you may want to avoid it. It’s also important to avoid inhaling the clay.
Kaolin clay has been used for centuries for several health concerns. While some research suggests kaolin clay is useful for the skin, more studies are needed.
Still, anecdotal evidence suggests kaolin clay may be beneficial in unclogging pores, preventing acne, and promoting clearer, brighter skin.
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Neutropenia Treatment And Diet. All pasteurized milk and dairy products like cheese, yogurt, and sour cream are good for Neutropenia patientsBest OfferYour lady Feranmi is here to solve your problemBest OfferEmail
For years, people have followed the neutropenic diet to help reduce their consumption of bacteria from foods. Although more research is needed by rule to support the use of the neutropenic diet, your doctor may still recommend it based on your individual health needs and goals.
This diet has been suggested for people living with cancer, as they’re more prone to developing bacterial infections. It has also been recommended to people with weakened immune systems — specifically those with neutropenia, whose bodies produce an inadequate amount of white blood cells (neutrophils).
Neutrophils are blood cells that help protect your body from infection. When lower levels of these cells are present, your immune system weakens and your body is less able to defend itself against bacteria, viruses, and infections, including:
Before starting the neutropenic diet, discuss your dietary changes and health needs with your doctor to prevent interfering with any treatment plans. In addition, there are some general tips you can pair with the neutropenic diet to safely handle food and help prevent illness.
Some of these guidelines include:
washing your hands before and after handling food, as well as washing all surfaces and utensils
avoiding raw foods, specifically meat and undercooked eggs, along with cooking all meats thoroughly
avoiding salad bars
thoroughly wash fresh fruits and vegetables before eating or peeling them (cooked fruits and vegetables are OK to eat)
avoiding unpasteurized dairy products
Avoid well water if it hasn’t been filtered or boiled for at least 1 minute (Bottled water is fine if it has been distilled or filtered or undergone reverse osmosis.)
Foods you’re allowed to eat on the neutropenic diet include:
Dairy: all pasteurized milk and dairy products, such as cheese, yogurt, ice cream, and sour cream
Starches: all bread, cooked pasta, chips, French toast, pancakes, cereal, cooked sweet potatoes, beans, corn, peas, whole grains, and fries
Vegetables: all cooked or frozen vegetables
Fruits: all canned and frozen fruit and fruit juices, along with thoroughly washed and peeled thick-skinned fruits like bananas, oranges, and grapefruit
Protein: thoroughly cooked (well-done) meats and canned meats, as well as hard-cooked or boiled eggs and pasteurized egg substitutes
Beverages: all tap, bottled, or distilled water, as well as canned or bottled drinks, individually canned sodas, and instant or brewed tea and coffee
Foods to avoid
Foods you should eliminate while following the neutropenic diet include:
Dairy: unpasteurized milk and yogurt, yogurt made with live or active cultures, soft cheeses (Brie, feta, sharp Cheddar), cheeses with mold (Gorgonzola, blue cheese), aged cheeses, cheeses with uncooked vegetables, and Mexican-style cheeses like queso
Raw starches: bread with raw nuts, uncooked pasta, raw oats, and raw grains
Vegetables: raw vegetables, salads, uncooked herbs and spices, and fresh sauerkraut
Fruits: unwashed raw fruits, unpasteurized fruit juices, and dried fruits
Protein: raw or undercooked meat, deli meats, sushi, cold meat, and undercooked eggs with runny yolk
Beverages: sun tea, cold brewed tea, eggnog made with raw eggs, fresh apple cider, and homemade lemonade
Scientific findings on the neutropenic diet
Based on the current findings, there’s not enough evidence to prove that the neutropenic diet prevents infection. Neither the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) nor the Oncology Nursing Society Cancer Chemotherapy guidelines recommend the neutropenic diet.
One 2006 study examined the infection rate between two preventive diet plans. A group of 19 pediatric chemotherapy patients was either put on the neutropenic diet or a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved trusted Source food safety guidelines diet. Results from this study were inconclusive, showing no statistically significant differences between the two test groups.
A 2019 systematic review came to a similar conclusion. The authors of this meta-analysis did not find any evidence to support the use of a neutropenic diet for patients with cancer.
Also, there are no published guidelines on how to use this diet. Before recommending this diet as a treatment method, more research on its effectiveness is needed.
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