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Renal Agenesis treatment and diet. Babies missing both kidneys cannot survive without treatment but the only available treatment is experimental. Once diagnosed through prenatal ultrasound, this defect can be addressed in utero with a series of amnioinfusions. Read till the end of this article to know more about Renal Agenesis meaning, its causes, and treatment. And finally, the best diet to manage Renal Agenesis.
Read also: Kidney Failure Natural Treatment
Renal Agenesis Meaning: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
Renal Agenesis treatment and diet. We talk about Renal Agenesis when one or both kidneys completely fail to form. This usually occurs at approximately 4 to 6 weeks into pregnancy and is due to failure in the earliest steps of kidney development.
Years back, many people born with only one kidney (unilateral renal agenesis) lived their lives unaware they did not have two kidneys. Today, prenatal ultrasound makes it much easier to diagnose these conditions and provide better treatment for babies. This also makes treatment much easier and improves outcomes for babies missing both kidneys, which is called bilateral renal agenesis.
Renal agenesis is a rare condition in which babies are missing one or both kidneys at birth. In this disorder, one or both kidneys fail to develop between the fourth and sixth week of gestation. There are two types of renal agenesis:
Bilateral renal agenesis
Also known as Potter syndrome Bilateral renal agenesis, means that both kidneys are missing. This occurs in about one in every 3,000 to 4,500 live births and is more common in boys. When neither kidney develops, it causes a lack of amniotic fluid, which is usually the reason for diagnosis as the low fluid levels are visible during a routine prenatal ultrasound.
Babies with no kidneys are unable to survive without treatment and the available treatments are still experimental. With no kidneys, the baby doesn’t produce urine, leading to low amniotic fluid and incomplete lung development.
Read also: Kidney Failure Natural Treatment
Unilateral renal agenesis
In this case, the baby develops only one kidney. Found in roughly one in 1,000 live births (higher in twins), this condition is not fatal and often causes no additional symptoms. When a baby has just one kidney, the organ grows larger to compensate for and perform the functions of both.
Most babies born with one kidney live normal lives, but this condition is associated with abnormal development of the genitals in 12% of males and 40% of females.
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What causes renal agenesis?
While the exact cause is unknown, unilateral renal agenesis is more common with intrauterine growth restriction (poor growth during pregnancy) and in multiples (twins, triplets, etc.). Unilateral renal agenesis is sometimes seen as an association with a two-vessel umbilical cord, rather than the normal three-vessel cord.
The cause of bilateral renal agenesis, the absence of both kidneys, is also unknown. In most cases, there is no family history of the condition, though, in around one-quarter of cases, there is a genetic component.
The risk of a future pregnancy being affected by renal agenesis is approximately 3 to 4%. If the renal agenesis is part of a condition with multiple abnormalities, the chance for it to reoccur in a future pregnancy may be as high as 8%.
Test And Diagnosis
Renal agenesis diagnosis
Both types of renal agenesis can be identified in sonographic findings. Unilateral renal agenesis is found when the one developed kidney is larger than normal for the gestational age. Hypertension can also develop due to this anomaly, leading to a diagnosis and requiring postnatal follow-up examinations.
Bilateral renal agenesis can be observed through sonographic findings that detail complete or severe depletion of amniotic fluid levels at 14 to 16 weeks. The inability to visualize the fetal bladder after 16 weeks of pregnancy should prompt further investigation for bilateral renal agenesis.
As a parent, receiving the news that your child may be missing both kidneys can be devastating. Even a diagnosis of unilateral renal agenesis can be worrisome, but the Colorado Fetal Care Center is a national leader in diagnosing and treating both types of renal agenesis.
TREATMENT
Treatment for renal agenesis depends on the severity and type (unilateral or bilateral). For both types of agenesis, the standard treatment protocol involves monitoring the baby with numerous ultrasounds and planning delivery at the Colorado Fetal Care Center. While C-sections are not usually required to deliver babies with renal agenesis, immediate access to our care team after birth is essential to guarantee the best outcomes.
Bilateral renal agenesis treatment
Babies missing both kidneys cannot survive without treatment but the only available treatment is experimental.
Once diagnosed through prenatal ultrasound, this defect can be addressed in utero with a series of amnioinfusions. This means that physicians inject saline solution into the amniotic sac to help the baby’s lungs develop. Once the lungs start to develop, some stress is taken off the baby’s system and he or she may be able to survive once outside the womb. The first known baby to survive bilateral renal agenesis did so in 2013 as a result of this new treatment. Two years later, she received a kidney transplant.
The Colorado Fetal Care Center offers a special amniopor t fermi procedure to facilitate amnioinfusion and to avoid repeated potentially risky injections. Once the baby is born, he or she will be dependent upon dialysis until a kidney transplant can be attempted, usually at 1 year or older. The ability to offer dialysis after birth depends on the baby’s size, weight, and gestational age.
Read also: Kidney Failure Natural Treatment
Unilateral renal agenesis treatment
Most babies who are missing just one kidney have no other symptoms, as that one organ grows large enough to perform the duties of both. However, infants with unilateral renal agenesis can have hypertension (high blood pressure) and may be born prematurely.
Read also: Kidney Failure Natural Treatment
What is the prognosis for babies with bilateral renal agenesis?
In 2013, the first known baby to survive bilateral renal agenesis provided hope for all families who face this severe diagnosis. In that case, in utero injections of saline solution restored amniotic fluid and allowed the lungs to develop. Once born, the baby was dependent on dialysis for three years, until her father donated her a kidney.
Renal Agenesis Diet
Those who are suffering from Renal Agenesis function must adhere to a renal or kidney diet to cut down on the amount of waste in their blood. Wastes in the blood come from food and liquids that are consumed. When kidney function is compromised, the kidneys do not filter or remove waste properly. If waste is left in the blood, it can negatively affect a patient’s electrolyte levels. Following a kidney diet may also help promote kidney function and slow the progression of complete kidney failure.
The best renal diet is low in sodium, phosphorous, and protein. A renal diet also emphasizes the importance of consuming high-quality protein and usually limiting fluids. Some patients may also need to limit potassium and calcium. Every person’s body is different, and therefore, each patient must work with a renal dietitian work to come up with a diet that is tailored to the patient’s needs.
We have tried to list beneath Renal Agenesis diet ththat are crucial to monitor to promote a renal diet:
Sodium
What are Sodium and its role in the body?
Sodium is a mineral found in most natural foods. Most people think of salt and sodium as interchangeable. Salt, however, is a compound of sodium and chloride. Foods we eat may contain salt or they may contain sodium in other forms. Processed foods often contain higher levels of sodium due to added salt.
Sodium is one of the body’s three major electrolytes (potassium and chloride are the other two). Electrolytes control the fluids going in and out of the body’s tissues and cells. Sodium contributes to:
- Regulating blood pressure and blood volume
- Also Regulating nerve function and muscle contraction
- Regulating the acid-base balance of blood
- Balancing how much fluid the body keeps or eliminates
Why should kidney patients monitor sodium intake?
Too much sodium can be harmful to people with kidney disease because their kidneys cannot adequately eliminate excess sodium and fluid from the body. As sodium and fluid build up in the tissues and bloodstream, they may cause:
- Increased thirst
- Edema: swelling in the legs, hands, and face
- High blood pressure
- Heart failure: excess fluid in the bloodstream can overwork your heart, making it enlarged and weak
- Shortness of breath: fluid can build up in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe
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How can patients monitor their sodium intake?
- Always read food labels. Sodium content is always listed.
- Pay close attention to serving sizes.
- Use fresh, rather than packaged meats.
- Choose fresh fruits and vegetables or no-salt-added canned and frozen produce.
- Avoid processed foods.
- Compare brands and use items that are lowest in sodium.
- Use spices that do not list “salt” in their title (choose garlic powder instead of garlic salt.)
- Cook at home and do NOT add salt.
- Limit total sodium content to 400 mg per meal and 150 mg per snack.
Printable Low Sodium Diet Guidelines (PDF)
Potassium
What are Potassium and its role in the body?: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
Potassium is a mineral found in many of the foods we eat and is also found naturally in the body. It plays a role in keeping the heartbeat regular and the muscles working correctly. Potassium is also necessary for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the bloodstream. The kidneys help to keep the right amount of potassium in your body and they expel excess amounts into the urine.
Why should kidney patients monitor their potassium intake?: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
When the kidneys fail, they can no longer remove excess potassium, so potassium levels build up in the body. High potassium in the blood is called hyperkalemia which can cause:
- Muscle weakness
- An irregular heartbeat
- Slow pulse
- Heart attacks
- Death
How can patients monitor their potassium intake?: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
When the kidneys no longer regulate potassium, a patient must monitor the amount of potassium that enters the body.
Tips to help keep the levels of potassium in your blood safe, make sure to:
- Talk with a renal dietitian about creating an eating plan.
- Limit foods that are high in potassium.
- Limit milk and dairy products to 8 oz per day.
- Choose fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Avoid salt substitutes & seasonings with potassium.
- Read labels on packaged foods & avoid potassium chloride.
- Pay close attention to serving size.
- Keep a food journal.
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Phosphorus: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
What are Phosphorus and its role in the body?
Phosphorus is a mineral that is critical in bone maintenance and development. Phosphorus also assists in the development of connective tissue and organs and aids in muscle movement. When food containing phosphorus is consumed and digested, the small intestines absorb the phosphorus so that it can be stored in the bones.
Why should kidney patients monitor Phosphorus intake?: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
Normal working kidneys can remove extra phosphorus in your blood. When kidney function is compromised, the kidneys no longer remove excess phosphorus. High phosphorus levels can pull calcium out of your bones, making them weak. This also leads to dangerous calcium deposits in the blood vessels, lungs, eyes, and heart.
How can patients monitor their Phosphorus intake?: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
Phosphorus can be found in many foods. Therefore, patients with compromised kidney function should work with a renal dietitian to help manage phosphorus levels.
Tips to help keep phosphorus at safe levels:
- Know what foods are lower in phosphorus.
- Pay close attention to serving size
- Eat smaller portions of foods that are high in protein at meals and for snacks.
- Eat fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Ask your physician about using phosphate binders at mealtime.
- Avoid packaged foods that contain added phosphorus. Look for phosphorus, or words with “PHOS” on ingredient labels.
- Keep a food journal
Printable Low Phosphorus Diet Guidelines (PDF)
Protein: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
Protein is not a problem for healthy kidneys. Normally, protein is ingested and waste products are created, which in turn are filtered by the nephrons of the kidney. Then, with the help of additional renal proteins, the waste turns into urine. In contrast, damaged kidneys fail to remove protein waste and it accumulates in the blood.
The proper consumption of protein is tricky for Chronic Kidney Disease patients as the amount differs with each stage of the disease. Protein is essential for tissue maintenance and other bodily roles, so it is important to eat the recommended amount for the specific stage of disease according to your nephrologist or renal dietician.
Fluids: Renal Agenesis treatment and diet
Fluid control is important for patients in the later stages of Chronic Kidney Disease. because normal fluid consumption may cause fluid buildup in the body which could become dangerous. People on dialysis often have decreased urine output, so increased fluid in the body can put unnecessary pressure on the person’s heart and lungs.
A patient’s fluid allowance is calculated on an individual basis, depending on urine output and dialysis settings. It is vital to follow your nephrologist’s/nutritionist’s fluid intake guidelines.
To control fluid intake, patients should:
- NDo to drink more than what your doctor orders
- Count all foods that will melt at room temperature
- Be cognizant of the numbering of fluids used in cooking
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